Health Minister Dr Shane Reti said urgent action is being taken to restrict the sale of nitrous oxide and he welcomes new advice from Medsafe highlighting tougher penalties if sold for recreational purposes.

“Nitrous oxide has several legitimate uses, but we also know it is increasingly being used as a recreational drug,” said Dr Reti. 

“Smokefree enforcement officers have even reported seeing nitrous oxide products – nangs – for sale in vape stores. This is extremely concerning.

“Given the significant risks and the potential for long-term damage, and a number of overlapping portfolios in this area, last month I requested officials look at options on the Government’s behalf to address it."

Nitrous oxide, also known as laughing gas, nitro, N2O, NOS, nangs, and whippet, is a colourless gas that is commonly used for sedation and pain relief. It’s also a popular recreational drug, producing a short-lived but intense euphoric effect.

At higher doses, it can include psychedelic effects, including feelings of dissociation and mild changes in perception. It is often used with other drugs, most commonly alcohol, MDMA and psychedelics.

Dr Reti says last week he received advice from the Ministry of Health about a change in approach that would clarify the law for suppliers and users of nitrous oxide.

"This will enable Police to prosecute the sale and use of nitrous oxide for recreational use," said Dr Reti.

Whereas nitrous oxide had been considered under the Medicines Act 1981, Medsafe now advises that when it’s sold primarily for the purpose of inducing a psychoactive effect, the Psychoactive Substances Act 2013 applies.

No products containing nitrous oxide have been approved for use under the Psychoactive Substances Act, making it illegal to sell nitrous oxide or products containing nitrous oxide for recreational use. A breach of this regulation is punishable by either prison time or a fine. 

“The proliferation of nangs – particularly targeted at our young people – is a significant public health issue with potentially serious consequences," said Dr Reti.

“Police and health professionals have reported recreational use of nitrous oxide is on the rise, a trend seen in other countries like Australia and the UK. 

“This reinforces the gravity of the situation and the need for swift action. This cannot continue. 

“I have directed the Ministry of Health to monitor the effectiveness of this change and provide ongoing advice about whether further restrictions are necessary to keep New Zealanders safe,” Dr Reti said.

Nitrous oxide isn't a laughing matter

What are the effects?

The effects of nitrous oxide come on very quickly (usually immediately) and lasts 1-2 minutes on average. Some of the effects can include:

• Feeling relaxed or giggly
• Sound distortions
• Dizziness
• Anxiety
• Paranoia
• Headaches
• Confusion

Prolonged exposure to nitrous oxide may result in:

• Memory loss
• Vitamin B12 depletion (long-term depletion causes brain and nerve damage)
• Ringing or buzzing in the ears
• Incontinence
• Numbness in the hands or feet
• Limb spasms
• Potential birth defects if consumed during pregnancy
• Weakened immune system
• Disruption to reproductive systems
• Depression
• Psychological dependence
• Psychosis

More information on the risks of recreational use of nitrous oxide can be found here: Nitrous oxide - Alcohol and Drug Foundation

Will nitrous oxide impact my health? :: High Alert